01․ In a long transmission line, if we increase the length of the line, the parameters A and B respectively
For long transmission lines
A = coshγl
B = Zc sinhγl
C = sinhγl/Zc
D = coshγl
Where,
γ = Propagation constant = √(ZY)
l = Length of the line
Zc = Characteristic impedance
Therefore, by increasing of length, A and D will decreases and B and C will increases.
02․ Power transmission lines are transposed to reduce
If power line and telecommunication lines are running close to each other, the current flowing in the power line produces magnetic flux linkage with the communication line conductor induces an emf in the telecommunication line conductor.This is called electro magnetic induction.
Similarly due to earth effect electric field is produced by the charges of the earth induces a voltage in between the conductors of the telecommunication lines. This is called electro static induction.
This both electro magnetic induction and electro static induction produces the voltage between the telecommunication line conductors which causes interference to the telecommunication signals which is called radio interference.
To reduce this radio interference in the telecommunication line, either power line or both power and telecommunication lines are transposed at regular intervals of length the transmission line.
03․ Find the propagation constant, if impedance is 10Ω and admittance is 10 ℧?
Propagation constant (γ):
With a voltage and current signals travelling or propagating through the transmission line, due to resistance and conductance attenuation occurs and due to inductance and capacitance phase shift occurs. This is expressed by propagation constant (γ).
Propagation constant
04․ Attenuation occurs due to
Attenuation constant (α):
Due to resistance and conductance components of transmission line attenuation or decrease of voltage and current signals are occurs. It is measured in dB or neper.
05․ Phase shift occurs due to which of the following components?
Phase shift constant (β):
Due to inductance and capacitance components phase shift of voltage or current signals occurs in the transmission line. It is measured in degrees or radians.
06․ Find the characteristic impedance of a transmission line, if impedance is 16 Ω and admittance is 0.1 m℧?
Characteristic impedance (Zc):
It will give the relation between voltage and current flowing through the transmission line which are depending on the transmission line parameters, i.e., R,G,L and C.
Characteristic impedance
07․ A loss less transmission line has a length of 600 km, find the phase shift of voltage signal?
Propagation constant (γ):
With a voltage and current signals travelling or propagating through the transmission line, due to resistance and conductance attenuation occurs and due to inductance and capacitance phase shift occurs. This is expressed by propagation constant (γ).
Propagation constant
Where, α = Attenuation constant
β = Phase shift constant
For loss less line, R = G = 0
Therefore,
α = 0,
Where,
Vc = velocity of signal
l = length of the line
Where, α = Attenuation constant
β = Phase shift constant
For loss less line, R = G = 0
Therefore,
α = 0,
Where,
Vc = velocity of signal
l = length of the line
08․ For loss less line, find the ratio of length to the wave length of a signal for a phase shift of 0.05 radians?
Propagation constant
Where, α = Attenuation constant
β = Phase shift constant
For loss less line, R = G = 0
Therefore,
α = 0,
Where, α = Attenuation constant
β = Phase shift constant
For loss less line, R = G = 0
Therefore,
α = 0,
09․ A transmission line is operating under no load has ABCD parameters B = 100∠90° has a phase shift of 0.2 rad, how much shunt reactor is required for compensation of ferranti effect?
Shunt reactance Xsh = B/(1-A)
A = 1 + YZ/2 = 1 + (G+jωC)(R+jωL)/2
For loss less line, R = G = 0
Therefore, A = 1 - ω²LC/2
A = 1 - β²/2
Where, β = Phase shift = ω√(LC)
A = 1 - 0.2²/2 = 0.98
Shunt reactance Xsh = 100∠90°/(1 - 0.98) = 5 kΩ
L = 5*10³/(2π*50) = 15.9 H
10․ A transmission line has a surge impedance of 400 Ω for a length of the line of 200 km. If the length of line is increased to 400 km, then its surge impedance is
Characteristic impedance (Zc):
It will give the relation between voltage and current flowing through the transmission line which are depending on the transmission line parameters, i.e., R,G,L and C.
Therefore, surge impedance is independent of length of the line.
Therefore, surge impedance is independent of length of the line.<<<1112131415>>>
